Exp: Article-14 of Indian constitution guarantees Indian citizens equality before law and equal protection of the law. Equality before law means everyone is equal before law and no one is above the law whereas equal protection of law signifies that only equals should be treated equally.

Exp: Article-14 of Indian constitution guarantees Indian citizens equality before law and equal protection of the law. Equality before law means everyone is equal before law and no one is above the law whereas equal protection of law signifies that only equals should be treated equally.

Exp: Constitution of India provides for “Right to equality” under Articles–14 to 18. Article-14 talks about two concepts of equality. One is equality before law and other is equal protection of law.

Exp: “Rule of Law” is a concept which originated in Britain and popularized by Lord Dicey. It means law is supreme and all are equal before law. Thus, privileges and immunity contradict the principle of Rule of Law. 

Exp : Article–15 of Indian constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth. There is no mention of language as a ground for prohibition of discrimination under this article.

Exp: Though, Article-16 prohibits discrimination in public employment on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, descent and residence or any of them, it allows state to make provisions for reservation for weaker sections of society, if in opinion of state, they are not adequately represented.

Exp: Article-16 of Indian constitution provides for equal opportunities in matter of public employment. There cannot be discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, descent, residence or any of them.

Exp: Article-17 abolishes untouchability in all forms. But the constitution did not prescribe any punishment for violation of this right. Constitution also didn’t define what untouchability is. Civil Rights Protection Act, 1976 provides punishment for the practice of untouchability.

Exp: Article-17 and Article-18 of constitution provides for the prohibition of practice of untouchability and abolition of titles respectively. As per Article-18, state will not give any titles to further discriminate. This with abolition of untouchability under Article-17 is a social issue, prohibition of which brings social equality.

Exp: Article-19 of constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part-III of constitution. Provisions of this article deals with protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc.

Exp: Article-19 of Indian constitution has provided 6 freedoms.
for Indian citizens. All citizens should have right to:
(i) Freedom of speech and Expression.
(ii) Assemble peacefully and without arms.
(iii)Form associations or unions
(iv) Move freely throughout the territory of India
(v) Reside and settle anywhere within India
(vi) Practice any profession

Exp: There is no direct mention of Freedom of Press in the constitution, rather it is a right inferred from right to freedom of speech and expression provided under Article-19(1)(a).

Exp: Article-20 of constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part- III of constitution. This article provides for protection while conviction for offences. This includes three different aspects under this article. These are Ex Post Facto Law, Double Jeopardy and Prohibition against self-incriminating evidence.

Exp: Right to privacy is not enumerated directly as a Fundamental right in constitution of India. Rather, it is an inferred right from Article-21 which talks about right to life and personal liberty. Right to privacy means right to be let alone or right to be free from any unwarranted publicity which is part of right to life and liberty.

Exp: Right to privacy is not enumerated directly as a Fundamental right in constitution of India. Rather, it is an inferred right from Article-21 which talks about right to life and personal liberty. Right to privacy means right to be let alone or right to be free from any unwarranted publicity which is part of right to life and liberty.

Exp: Article-21 of constitution deals with fundamental rights of Indian citizens under Part-III of constitution. This article provides right to citizens for protection of life and personal liberty and according to this article no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

Exp: Article-21 of constitution deals with fundamental rights of Indian citizens under Part-III of constitution. This article provides right to citizens for protection of life and personal liberty and according to this article no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

Exp: Right to education is a fundamental right under Article 21-A of constitution. This article was added into constitution by 86th amendment act of 2002, which provides for free and compulsory education to the children between the age of 6 to 14 years.

Exp: Right to education is a fundamental right under Article 21-A of constitution. This article was added into constitution by 86th amendment act of 2002, which provides for free and compulsory education to the children between the age of 6 to 14 years.

Exp: A person can be detained under preventive detention, if there is suspicion or reasonable probability of that person committing some act, which is likely to cause harm to society and endangers the security of the society. Thus, it is a detention without interrogation.

Exp: Preventive detention infringes the right to freedom of the person who has been detained under preventive detention Act. Article – 22 provides for protection against arrest and detention in certain cases, including preventive detention cases.

Exp: Preventive detention infringes the right to freedom of the person who has been detained under preventive detention Act. Article – 22 provides for protection against arrest and detention in certain cases, including preventive detention cases.

Exp: TADA, POTA and COFEPOSA along with Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) are related to preventive detention of a person. Though MISA, TADA and POTA have been repealed, COFEPOSA continues to be operative along with similar laws such as National Security Act etc. Foreign exchange regulation act is not an act related to preventive detention.

Exp: Article-24 of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part-III of constitution. As per provisions of Article-24, no child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or engaged in any hazardous work. Article-24 is not banning child labour.

Exp: Article-24 of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part-III of constitution. As per provisions of Article-24, no child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or engaged in any hazardous work. Article-24 is not banning child labour.

Exp: Article-27 of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights of Indian citizens under part III of constitution. This article provides freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.

Exp: Article–29 safeguards the interests of minorities. It establishes that any section of citizens having a distinct language and scripts of culture of its own can conserve the same.

Exp: Article–30 recognizes religious and linguistic minorities.
It provides right to all minorities whether religious or linguistic, to establish and administer educational institutions.

Exp: Article-31(A) of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part-III of constitution. As per provisions of Article-31(A), state legislature can enact a law for acquisition of private property. And any such law passed by state legislature needs assent of the President.

Exp: Article-31(B) of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights under Part-III of constitution. Article31(B) provides for validation of certain categories of acts and regulations included in the Ninth Schedule from being challenged and invalidated on the grounds of contravention of any fundamental right.

Exp: Article-31(C) of constitution deals with fundamental rights of Indian citizens under Part-III of constitution. This article provides for saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles. To be specific if parliament enact a law giving effect to Article-39(B) and 39(C) and during the process if law violates fundamental right under Article-14, the law shall not be declared invalid merely on this ground.

Exp: Just mentioning fundamental rights in constitution without providing provisions for their enforcement would have no meaning. Article-32 which is right to constitutional remedies ensures the enforcement of fundamental rights. That is why “Father of Constitution” Dr. B.R. Ambedkar termed this article as “Heart and soul of constitution.”

Exp: Just mentioning fundamental rights in constitution without providing provisions for their enforcement would have no meaning. Article-32 which is right to constitutional remedies ensures the enforcement of fundamental rights. That is why “Father of Constitution” Dr. B.R. Ambedkar termed this article as “Heart and soul of constitution.”

Exp: Remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights
conferred by Part-III has been provided under Article-32 of
constitution. This article provides the right to citizens to
move directly to Supreme Court for enforcement of
fundamental rights and it gives Supreme Court, powers to
issue writ to enforce fundamental rights of an individual.

Exp: Remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights
conferred by Part-III has been provided under Article-32 of
constitution. This article provides the right to citizens to
move directly to Supreme Court for enforcement of
fundamental rights and it gives Supreme Court, powers to
issue writ to enforce fundamental rights of an individual.

Exp: Both Supreme Court and High Courts have the power to issue writs under Article–32 and Article–226 respectively. Supreme Court can issue writs in case of violation of fundamental rights only, but High court can issue writs in cases of violation of fundamental rights as well as legal rights.

Exp: Writ is an order issued by Supreme Court or High Courts to enforce rights. It is a concept originated under Roman law but developed under British. Both Supreme Court and High Court can issue 5 types of writs. These are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto

Exp: Writ is an order issued by Supreme Court or High Courts to enforce rights. It is a concept originated under Roman law but developed under British. Both Supreme Court and High Court can issue 5 types of writs. These are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto. 

Exp: Habeas Corpus literally means ‘to have the body of’. It can be issued to both public authority as well as private individual to produce the body of a person who has been illegally and wrongfully detained. Thus, it protects personal liberty of an individual against arbitrary action of both state and private individual. That is why it is called Bulwark of Personal Freedom.

Exp: Habeas Corpus literally means ‘to have the body of’. It can be issued to both public authority as well as private individual to produce the body of a person who has been illegally and wrongfully detained. Thus, it protects personal liberty of an individual against arbitrary action of both state and private individual. That is why it is called Bulwark of Personal Freedom.

Exp: Habeas Corpus literally means ‘to have the body of’. It can be issued to both public authority as well as private individual to produce the body of a person who has been illegally and wrongfully detained. Thus, it protects personal liberty of an individual against arbitrary action of both state and private individual. That is why it is called Bulwark of Personal Freedom.

Exp: Quo warranto writ is issued to ensure that person holding a public office is qualified to hold the office. It can be issued to restrict a person to perform duties or take action for which he does not have authority.

Exp: Quo warranto writ is issued to ensure that person holding a public office is qualified to hold the office. It can be issued to restrict a person to perform duties or take action for which he does not have authority.

Exp: Mandamus which literally means ‘command’ is a writ
issued by court to a public official asking him to perform
his official duties that he has failed or refused to perform.
This writ can be issued only against a government official
and not against a private individual or body.

Exp: Mandamus which literally means ‘command’ is a writ
issued by court to a public official asking him to perform
his official duties that he has failed or refused to perform.
This writ can be issued only against a government official
and not against a private individual or body.

Exp: Mandamus which literally means ‘command’ is a writ
issued by court to a public official asking him to perform
his official duties that he has failed or refused to perform.
This writ can be issued only against a government official
and not against a private individual or body.

Exp: Earlier, Article-32(1) which is right to move to Supreme Court was available only for those whose rights were violated. But later on, by late 1980’s Supreme Court has started entertaining matters in which interest of public at large is involved. Supreme Court through liberal interpretation of Article-32(1) said that anyone who is public spirited can approach to Supreme Court on behalf of those whose rights are violated. That was beginning of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India.

Exp: Certiorari writ is issued to quash the order of a lower court or decision of a tribunal in excess of its jurisdiction. This is issued to ensure that jurisdiction of an inferior court is exercised properly.

Exp: Both Supreme Court and High Courts are custodian of implementation of fundamental rights. Supreme Court under Article–32 and High Courts under Article–226 issue writs for implementation of fundamental rights.

Exp: Article-33 of Indian constitution deals with fundamental rights of armed forces. It restricts certain fundamental rights for armed forces personnel by providing power to parliament to modify these rights.